Coinfections of Sudanese dairy cattle with bovine herpes virus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bluetongue virus and bovine herpes virus 4 and their relation to reproductive disorders

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of coinfections with bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bluetoungue virus (BTV) and bovine herpes virus-4 (BHV-4) in cattle with reproductive problems in Sudan, and to determine the relation of single or mixed seropositivity with abortion, infertility an

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A small Universe

Many cosmological models assume or imply that the total size of the universe is very large, perhaps even infinite.Here we argue instead that the universe might be comparatively small, in fact not much larger than the currently observed size.A concrete implementation of this idea is provided by the no-boundary proposal, in combination with Eye and L

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